This is reposted from the site I originally shared it on: Visit it here
It is said that you never read the Mahabharatha for the
first time ever. That story of warring cousins and their illustrious lineages,
those twists of fate and subsequent tribulations, remarkable acts of nobility,
dastardly greed, blood-curling call for revenge, equally unnerving hesitation and
doubt and the greatest song ever sung and all its associated idioms are so
ingrained in our day to day life that when one actually gets to read it for the
first time, déjà vu kicks in. Sometimes, however, you read a poem on the epic
and the images that it brings forth linger in your mind. Slowly these images
converge into a strident question, seek out collective cultural memories, split
into many “what ifs” and “why nots” and write their story, albeit an
unconventional elucidation, that resonates with one’s experiences in life.
Pindam mukkalu pillalu tolli, kunda penkulai migilira talli?
Rundikanorigina kodukula, bandhula peruperuna talachi,
dukhilli
Kandlu gundamai aggini kuriyaga, krishnude karta ani enchi
kopilli
kadaki yaadvula vidhiyunu yideyane, Dwaranathudu navve
pranamilli
These lines from the 108 poems of the Vakbharatam expounded by Vakkeli (@ivak99) on twitter brought forth one such time-lapse
image of Gandhari to my mind. A tall and exquisite lady of regal bearing; eyes
blind-folded; standing erect and pounding her womb with violent and unspeakable
anger at some mysterious fate which determined her share in life and decades
later, finding her foetus that had spawned her a hundred sons, strewn on the
battle ground in shatters: gruesome and limbless. Her blindfolded eyes watched
the spectacle of death – headless corpuses and jackal-gnawed carcasses of her
sons, brothers, grandsons, kinsfolk – and brimmed over in another fit of ire.
This time, her rage had a target –Krishna. “May your Yadava clan too be
destroyed this way” she cursed while the Lord of Dwaraka smiled.
Who was this Gandhari? Could it be the same pious, helpless
queen of Dhritarashtra who spent her marital life blind-folded in an act of
solidarity with her congenitally blind husband that we have read about in the
Mahabharata? Or is there, like in you and me, another Gandhari? A Gandhari of
thwarted dreams, of bitter loneliness who was still spirited and capable enough
of seeing through the smoke-screen of rules, ritual and hierarchy?
During the Mahabharatha era, it appears that the Kuru
country was the most powerful sovereign in India while Gandhara was a smaller
kingdom to its north. Bhishma, the eldest of the Kuru clan and its most
respected mentor sought the hand of its princess Gandhari for his protégé
Dhristarasthra. When Bhishma’s messengers came to the Gandhara king Suvala with
a proposal for her marriage with the first-born of the Kuru clan, Vyasabhrata
doesn’t make a secret of the fact that this offer was rejected at first. While
expected, given that Dhristarashthra was blind and also because his disability
would likely prevent him from becoming the Kuru king, it is not clear why
Suvala eventually gave in. But one can assume that such power asymmetries leave
little choice to smaller kings. Vyasabharatam states ‘Gandhari hearing that
Dhritarashtra was blind and that her parents had consented to marry her to him,
from love and respect for her future husband, blindfolded her own eyes’. It
also mentions that at the time of his marriage to Gandhari, Dhritarasthra also
received other women as brides from the Gandhara kingdom including her sisters.
I have wondered at times, what would it take for a young
woman like Gandhari to sentence herself to an existence of sightlessness once
she heard of her father’s decision? Is it an expression of her impulsive nature
or was she irrevocably hurt by this politically enthused matrimony? Could it be
that by blindfolding herself to the Kuru clan, she symbolically repaid them in
their own coin – a blind spouse? We draw inferences of piety from her decision
to deprive herself of sight, but by refusing to be Dhritarashtra’s vision, did
she display her defiance too in equal measure if not more? Whatever be her
motivations, it is clear that when faced with the prospect of a conjugal union
with someone who is visually impaired, she didn’t merely accept it as her fate
– she did make a powerful statement- be it of love, virtue or defiance.
Arriving into the Kuru family with its internecine feuds,
secrets and palace intrigues, she devoted herself to her vows of chastity while
the sullen Dhritarashtra set his heart on the temporary throne which he got to
ascend when Pandu left for the forest. What hope of redemption from a life-time
of second-ratedness could she cling to except perhaps, for the promise of
progeny? When Vyasa blessed her with a boon of a hundred sons, how eagerly must
she have counted each day of her unusually long pregnancy? But once again, life
threw her a curveball – Kunti, the wife of Pandu delivered a son who would now
be the rightful claimant to the kuru throne. Who would have imagined that Pandu
who chose to led the life of an ascetic could father a son? Was it merely
jealousy then which compelled her to batter her womb with such violence? Or was
it her pent up rage at her clan who married her to a blind prince who would
never be the king despite what would have been her certain repugnance? O
perhaps resentment at some mysterious fate which seems to determine who owns
what and for reasons that no one knows?
This is not exclusively conjecture though. In a
heart-breaking soliloquy in the Streeparva she exclaims to Krishna “All my sons
are lost. I am unable to behold the distress and suffering of my
daughters-in-law lamenting the deaths of their husbands. I do not know what sin
they have committed to suffer this mental agony. They are innocent. They do not
know the politics. They do not know how and for what this battle was fought.
But they are the worst sufferers of this battle”. In her lament for her
daughters-in-law, can one not glimpse her anguish that went beyond the war,
empathy for those whose lives are torn asunder by the political aspirations and
stratagems of the powers that be and her discerning grasp of the workings of
authority and hierarchy?
The painfully intense first line “Pindam mukkalu pillalu
tolli, kunda penkulai migilira talli? of Vakkeli’s poem captures Gandhari’s
story of dejection and loss as a mother. Perhaps she was assailed by
self-doubts as to her fulfilment of the roles of a mother and a wife then. Or
blamed herself for giving birth to Duryodhana and not having abandoning him
when all the Kuru elders advised the same. Who did she hold responsible for
such carnage on the battle ground? Did she curse herself for saying “Yatho
Dharma Thatho Jaya” every day of the 18 day long Kuruskhetra war when
Duryodhana besought her blessings? Who looks on indifferently to the cries and
woes of millions of earthlings- commoners, royal born alike and mete out only
what their fate decrees? Is that why she cursed Krishna and his clan and not
the Pandavas?
Who is this Gandhari who felt so helpless against destiny
that she could only vent her frustrations on her unborn foetus but when she
lost all her sons, could curse the Lord of the Universe Himself? Isn’t she like
you and me, be a mortal caught in the web of life? Who else but the Supreme
Lord could see her for what she is and smile at such a terrible curse?